Glossary

A living language for risk operations

Clear definitions for the policy, compliance, and intelligence terms that shape processor risk decisions.

Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

A processor or platform's policy defining permitted and prohibited uses of its service. PayPal's AUP is a common reference point in the creator economy.

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Acquiring Bank (Acquirer)

The bank that holds a merchant's account and processes card transactions. It absorbs card network fines and passes them to the merchant or platform.

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BRAM (Business Risk Assessment and Mitigation)

Mastercard's program for monitoring merchants and acquirers for prohibited or high-risk activity, with escalating penalties for violations.

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Chargeback Ratio

The proportion of a merchant's transactions that result in chargebacks. Exceeding card network thresholds triggers monitoring programs and fines.

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Enforcement Cascade

The escalating sequence of processor consequences — from warning to fine, reserve increase, termination, and MATCH listing — that follows an unaddressed violation.

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Evidence Graph

A structured map of on-platform and off-platform signals about a creator, used to reach and defend a payout risk decision with a full audit trail.

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Link Graph

The network of inbound and outbound links connected to a creator's presence, used to surface off-platform risk signals a content scan cannot see.

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MATCH List

Mastercard's shared blacklist of terminated merchants. A listing makes it extremely difficult to obtain a new merchant account for around five years.

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Merchant Category Code (MCC)

A four-digit code classifying a merchant's business type. An inaccurate code can misrepresent risk and create compliance exposure for acquirers.

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Merchant of Record (MoR)

The legal entity responsible for a transaction with the payment processor. When a platform is the MoR, it carries direct liability for what its creators sell.

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Payment Facilitator (PayFac)

An entity that lets sub-merchants process payments under its own master account, taking on responsibility for onboarding and monitoring them.

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Payout Compliance

Vetting which creators a platform is safe to pay, mapped against payment processor prohibited-business policies, before money moves.

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Prohibited Business List

A payment processor's published list of business categories it will not process payments for, such as piracy, counterfeit goods, or unlicensed regulated products.

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Reserve Requirement

A portion of a merchant's funds a processor holds back as protection against future chargebacks or losses, reducing available cash flow.

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Stripe Restricted Businesses (§6.3)

The section of Stripe's terms that lists business categories Stripe restricts or prohibits, including piracy, counterfeit goods, and regulated products.

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Transaction Laundering

Using a legitimate merchant account to process payments for undisclosed third parties or prohibited goods, hiding the true nature of the transactions.

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VAMP (Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program)

Visa's program for monitoring acquirers and their merchants for excessive fraud and disputes, with fines when defined thresholds are exceeded.

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